عملیات اجرایی حقوق دریایی و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در عصر امنیت دریایی

نوع مقاله : علمی - ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق خصوصی و عضو گروه کسب‌و‌کار دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق حمل‌و‌نقل تجاری، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران.

4 استاد حقوق در دانشگاه حقوق دانشگاه موناش، استرالیا.

چکیده

چکیده مترجمین:
اجرای قوانین مختلف در حوزه حقوق دریایی بین‌المللی درخصوص ایجاد امنیت دریایی، منوط به همکاری ارگان‌های نظامی و اطلاعاتی کشورها در اجرای قوانین و مقررات در زمینه‌های اطلاعاتی و عملیاتی می‌باشد. این امر منوط به شناخت صلاحیت نیروهای نظامی و اطلاعاتی کشورها در محدوده آب‌های سرزمینی و فراسرزمینی یک کشور، نحوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، چگونگی اشتراک‌گذاری و پردازش اطلاعات بین نهادهای حقوقی و نظامی جهت هماهنگی در انجام دستورات ارائه‌شده، بر اساس مفاد مقررات مصوب آن کشور می‌باشد. اجرای چنین عملیاتی منوط به اجرای محدودیت‌های قانونی در نحوه تفسیر و اعتبارسنجی اطلاعات در ایجاد ظن یا اطمینان در وقوع جرایم ملّی یا فراملّی توسط افراد در محدوده آب‌های سرزمینی یک کشور است. در حوزه‌های فراسرزمینی نیز دستیابی به چنین اهدافی منوط به همکاری کشورهای مشترک‌المنافع می‌باشد. درحال‌حاضر دو سیستم «ال ‌آر ای تی»[1] در زمینه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در آب‌های داخلی و عملیات «وی بی اس اس»[2] در زمینه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در آب‌های سرزمینی و فراسرزمینی کشورها وجود دارد. اجرای چنین فرایندهایی تحت قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل با چالش‌هایی همچون مکانیسم‌های تأسیسی همکاری بین‌المللی، وجود مقررات درزمینه به اشتراک‌گذاری اطلاعات نظامی، وجود یا فقدان صلاحیت نیروهای نظامی کشورها در جمع‌آوری اطلاعات خصوصاً کشتی‌های جنگی در آب‌های آزاد، نوع صلاحیت، محدوده صلاحیت و اعتبارسنجی اطلاعات، نحوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، رضایت یا عدم‌ِرضایت دولت متبوع فرد مظنون و ... می‌باشد که ضرورت تصویب کنوانسیون‌های بین‌المللی را دراین‌خصوص تقویت می‌نماید.



[1]. LIRT


[2]. Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (Vbss) Operations

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Maritime Law Enforcement Operations and Intelligence in an Age of Maritime Security

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein sadeghi 1
  • zahra Ali Hemati 2
  • Mahdi Naser 3
  • Douglas Guilfoyle 4
1 Assistant Professor of Private Law, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Business ‎Department‎, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran‎.
2 M.A in Commercial Transportation Law, University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Student in Private Law, University of Judicial Sciences, and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, Monash University, Australia
چکیده [English]

Implementing various Codes in the field of international maritime law regarding the establishment of maritime security is subject to the cooperation of the military and intelligence agencies of the countries in the implementation of laws and regulations in the field of intelligence and operational. This is due to the recognition of the competence of the country's military and intelligence in the territorial waters of the country, the way in which information is collected, how to share and process information between the legal and military authorities in order to coordinate the implementation of the instructions, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation, approved by that country. The implementation of such an operation is subject to the implementation of legal constraints on the interpretation and validation of information in order to create suspicion or assurance of national or transnational crimes by individuals within the territorial waters of a country. In the metropolitan areas, achieving such goals depends on the cooperation of the Commonwealth countries. Currently, there are two LRIT systems in the field of data collection in the domestic seas and VBSS operations in the area of data collection in the territorial seas of the countries and beyond. The implementation of such processes under international law with challenges such as the international cooperation mechanisms, the existence of rules on the sharing of military intelligence, the existence or lack of military capabilities of countries in collecting information, in particular, the warships in free waters, the type The competence, the scope of the competence and validation of information, the manner in which information is collected, the consent or dissatisfaction of a particular government of a suspect, etc., which strengthens the necessity of ratification of international conventions in this regard.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maritime Law
  • Maritime Security
  • Territorial Jurisdiction
  • VBSS Operations

مراجع

فهرست منابع

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پژوهشهای حقوقی
دوره 19، شماره 41
خرداد 1399
صفحه 471-509

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