اجرای تعهدات بین‌المللی در نظام قضایی ایران: محدودیت‌ها و ظرفیت‌ها

نوع مقاله : علمی - ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دوره دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، عضو مؤسسه حقوق بین‌الملل پارس تهران و دادیار دادسرای عمومی و انقلاب تهران

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل نظام حقوقی مستقلی در کنار نظام حقوقی داخلی و متضمن قواعد و مقرراتی است که باید در کنار قوانین و مقررات داخلی مورد اجرای قاضی قرار گیرد. با گسترده شدن حقوق بین‌الملل، موضوعاتی که تحت حکومت مقررات بین‌المللی قرار گرفته‌اند افزایش یافته است و قاضی به عنوان بخشی از نهاد حاکمه متعهد، مکلف به اجرای تعهدات برآمده از منابع حقوق بین‌المللی است که برای وی و توسط ماده 9 ق.م. برابر با قانون معرفی شده است. قاضی باید قانون مناسب (خواه داخلی یا بین‌المللی یا هر دو) حاکم بر قضیه رأیافته و با استدلال و استناد آن را اجرا نماید. قاضی ایرانی با استفاده از مقررات قانون مدنی از این امکان برخوردار می‌گردد تا علاوه بر مقررات عهود، تعهدات ایران مبتنی بر دیگر منابع حقوق بین‌الملل را نیز اجرا کند و ماده 8 ق.م.ا. نیز در هماهنگی با ماده 9 ق.م. حتی بدون نیاز به قوانین خاص مربوط به جرایم بین‌المللی و با تضمین اصل قانونی بودن جرم و مجازات، اسباب حضور کیفری در عرصه بین‌المللی و اعمال صلاحیت جهانی را برای قاضی ایرانی فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Implementation of International Obligations under the Judiciary System of Iran: Limitations and Potentialities

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamid Hashemi
چکیده [English]

International law is an independent legal system which its norms must be implemented by a judge beside domestic laws. Expansion of the international law led to the explanation of the issues governed by international rules. Article 9 of Iran's Civil Code considers obligations created by sources of international law as equal to that of domestic law, and thus judges are obliged to apply them in their court. Iranian judges, therefore, must identify an appropriate applicable norm (be it domestic or international) and issue their verdict accordingly. In addition to the treaty obligations, the Civil Code of Iran enables a judge to apply obligations created by other international sources. Article 8 of the Civil Code in conformity with Article 9 enables an Iranian judge to play a judicial international role in penal cases without the need to refer to a particular domestic law, provided they observe the legality rule.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Domestic/International Law Relation
  • Implementation of International Law
  • International Obligations
  • Sources of International Law
  • universal jurisdiction
  • Article 9 of the Civil Code
  • Article 8 of the Penal Code

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پژوهشهای حقوقی
دوره 8، شماره 15
فروردین 1388
صفحه 229-258

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