Journal of Legal Research

Journal of Legal Research

Revisiting the Classification of Confessions in Iranian Law: A Jurisprudential Reassessment

Document Type : Original Article

Author
M.A in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
While French legal scholarship traditionally categorizes confessions (iqrār) as simple (iqrār sādeh), absolute (iqrār muqayyad), and compound (iqrār morakkab), this study establishes that Islamic jurisprudence fundamentally distinguishes between simple confessions and compound confessions, with the latter comprising both descriptive (iqrār mawṣūf) and absolute subtypes. Conventional interpretations of Articles 1282 and 1283 of the Iranian Civil Code maintain that the former governs the indivisibility of descriptive and absolute confessions, while the latter regulates divisible compound confessions. This study, however, demonstrates through jurisprudential analysis that Article 1282 embodies the general principle of the indivisibility of compound confessions, whereas Article 1283 constitutes an exception to this principle, applying specifically to those compound confessions (descriptive or absolute) exhibiting internal contradictions regarding the confessor's liability or exoneration. The proposed interpretation not only provides greater systematic coherence to the principle of indivisibility but also reveals the conceptual limitations of prior readings that treated Article 1283 as merely governing divisible compound confessions without establishing their exceptional character vis-à-vis the general rule of indivisibility.
Keywords

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