“African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58(1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986”. Available at: https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/z1afchar.htm (in English)
“Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants”. Entrée en vigueur: le 26 juin 1987. conformément aux dispositions de l'article 27 (1), Article 14. https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading (in English)
“General comment no. 31 [80], The nature of the general legal obligation imposed on States Parties to the Covenant”. 26 May 2004. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/2004/en/52451 (in English)
“LaGrand (Allemagne c. Etats-Unis d'Amérique)”, 27 JUIN 2001. https://www.icj-cij.org/fr/affaire/10 (in English)
“Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its fifty-third session, 23 April - 1 June and 2 July - 10 August 2001, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth session, Supplement No.10”. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, II, 2(2001), 1-208. https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_56_10.pdf (in English)
“Syria: Violations and abuses rife in areas under Turkish-affiliated armed groups - Bachelet”. 18 September 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/09/syria-violations-and-abuses-rife-areas-under-turkish-affiliated-armed-groups (in English)
Adana Agreement (Agreement between the Republic of Turkey and the Syrian Arab Republic on Security Cooperation). signed October 20, 1998. Adana, Turkey. Available at: http://syriatruth.info/Portals/0/adana_syrian_turkish_agreement_full_english_version_1.pdf (in English)
Ago, Roberto. “Third Report on State Responsibility”. Yearbook of the International law Commission, II, 1(1971), 199-274. (in English)
Alder, Murray Colin. “The Origin in International Law of the Inherent Right of Self-Defence and Anticipatory Self-Defence”. the Western Australian Jurist, 115(2011), 117-127. (in English)
Amnesty International. “Syria: Damning evidence of war crimes and other violations by Turkish forces and their allies”. Press Release, October 18, 2019. (in English)
Article 29 - Territorial scope of treaties: Unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, a treaty is binding upon each party in respect of its entire territory. See: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969. Done at Vienna on 23 May 1969. Entered into force on 27 January 1980. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1155. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf (in English)
Azizi, Sattar. “The Necessity of Establishing a Special Tribunal for International Crimes Committed in Turkey’s Invasion of Northeastern Syria.” MAF Journal of Legal Studies, 2019. Available at: https://www.mafjournal.com/category/public-rights/27/Apr/2022
Bezar, Vahid. “Diplomatic Protection of a National against His or Her Other State of Nationality in International Law in Light of the United Kingdom’s Diplomatic Protection of Nazanin Zaghari.” Comparative Law Studies, 11, 2(2020), 431–448. (in Persian)
Bird, Annie. “Thired State Responsibility for Human Rights Violations”. European Journal of International Law, 21, 4(2010), 883-900. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chq066 (in English)
Chirwa, Danwood Mzikenge. “The Doctrine of State Responsibility as a Potential Means of Holding Private Actions Accountable for Human Rights”. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 5(2004), I-VII. (in English)
Ebrahim-Gol, Alireza. International Responsibility of States: Text and Commentary on the International Law Commission Articles. 8th ed. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh Institute for Legal Studies and Research, 2016. (in Persian)
Fleck, Dieter. The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts. Translated by Seyed Ghasem Zamani et al. 4th ed. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh Institute for Legal Studies and Research, 2016. (in Persian)
Greenwood, Christopher. “Self-Defence”. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, (2011). Available at: https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e401?Prd=EPIL (in English)
Haddadi, Mehdi. “The State’s Obligation to Compensate Individuals under the Law of International State Responsibility.” Private Law Journal, 11, 2(2014), 359–383. (in Persian)
Human Rights Journalism. “New Evidence Pointing to Ahrar al-Sharqiya’s Responsibility for Field Executions in Suluk during “Operation Peace Spring”. 2020. Available at: https://stj-sy.org/en/new-evidence-pointing-to-ahrar-al-sharqiyas-responsibility-for-field-executions-in-suluk-during-operation-peace-spring/ (in English)
International Committee of the Red Cross. “Commentary of 2016 Article 3: Conflicts not of an international character (ICRC Commentary 1987)”. 2016. Available at: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gci-1949/article-3/commentary/2016 (in English)
International Court of Justice. “Reports of Judgments. Advisory Opinions and Orders: Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)”. 1986. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf (in English)
International Court of Justice. Order of 5 February 2003 in the Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America). ICJ Reports 2003, General List No. 128. The Hague: International Court of Justice, 5 February 2003. https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/b40052/pdf/ (in English)
International Court of Justice. Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents, Case Concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (New Application: 1962) (Belgium v. Spain). Volume 1. The Hague: International Court of Justice, 1964. https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/69c9db/pdf/ (in English)
Martyn, Angus. “The Right of Self-Defence under International Law: The Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September”. February 2001. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/right-self-defence-under-international-law-response-terrorist (in English)
Mazzeschi, R. P. “Reparation Claims by Individuals for State Breaches of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights: An Overview”. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 1(2003), 339-347. (in English)
Mehr News Agency. “Adana Agreement and the Necessity of Counterterrorism: Distorting Commitments in Erdoğan’s Style.” October 16, 2019. Available at: https://mehrnews.com/xQnMK
Mignot-Mahdavi, Rebecca. “On the Illegality of the Turkish Offensive in Syria”. 2019. Available at: https://www.asser.nl/news/blog-post-on-the-illegality-of-the-turkish-offensive-in-syria (in English)
Mir-Mohammadi, Seyed Mostafa. “Diplomatic Protection: A Human Rights and Islamic Perspective.” Human Rights Journal, 9, 17(2014), 91–114. (in Persian)
Naseri Larijani, Naghmeh. “The Interaction between the Law of Treaties and the Law of International Responsibility in Justifying Non-Performance of International Obligations.” Iranian Journal of International Legal Studies, 27, 42(2010), 233–256. (in Persian)
Nguyen, Quoc Dinh, Patrick Daillier, and Alain Pellet. Public International Law. Translated by Hassan Habibi. Tehran: Ettela'at Publications, 2004. (in Persian)
Niavarani, Saber and Seyedeh Sanaz Zabihi Shahri. “Diplomatic Protection as a Human Right: A Study of International Judicial Practice and a Critique of the International Law Commission Draft Articles.” Police International Studies, 6, 22(2015), 27–62. (in Persian)
Nikbakht, Saleh. “Invasion of Syria for Ethnic Cleansing.” Shargh Daily, Issue 3551, Wednesday October 16, 2019. Available at: https://www.sharghdaily.com/fa/tiny/news-791135
OHCHR Report. “Syria: Monthly Human Rights Digest: Between a Rock and a Hard Place - Civilians in North-western Syria”. 30 Jun 2018. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-monthly-human-rights-digest-june-2018 (in English)
OHCHR. “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”. 16 December 1966. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights (in English)
OHCHR. “Press briefing note on Syria”. 2019. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2019/10/press-briefing-note-syria (in English)
Raei, Masoud. “Overall Control or Effective Control: A Criterion for the Establishment of International Responsibility of States?” Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, 39, 3(2009), 151–164. (in Persian)
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of Its Forty-Seventh Session (2 May–21 July 1995). Official Records of the General Assembly, Fiftieth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/50/10). New York: United Nations, 1995, 149-173. (in English)
Sassoli, Marco. “State Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law”. International Review of the Red Cross, 84, 846(2002), 401-434. (in English)
Schwager, Elke. “The Right to Compensation for Victims of an Armed Conflic”. Chinese Journal of International Law, 4, 2(2005), 417-439. (in English)
Sharifi Tarazkouhi, Hossein. “State Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed by Private Military and Security Companies.” Afaq-e Amniyat, 4, 12(2011), 67–95. (in Persian)
Syrians for Truth and Justice. “Fighters or Kurdish Red Crescent Volunteers?”. February 18, 2020. Available at: https://stj-sy.org/en/fighters-or-kurdish-red-crescent-volunteers (in English)
Taqavi-Nejad, Seyed Soleiman. “The Effects of the Establishment of International State Responsibility and Its Obstacles.” National Conference on New Global Achievements in Education, Psychology, Law, and Socio-Cultural Studies. Khoy: Islamic Azad University, Zarqan Branch, and Allameh Khoei Higher Education Institute, 21 June 2018. (in Persian)
Tayebi, Sobhan, Bahareh Zamanpour, and Sajjad Tayebi. “The Approach of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility toward Violations of Legal Norms and Treaty Non-Compliance.” Fars Law Review, 2, 5(2019), 26–29. (in Persian)
The Guardian. “Kurdish Politician among Nine Civilians Shot Dead by Pro-Turkey Forces in Syria”. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/13/female-kurdish-politician-among-nine-civilians-killed-by-pro-turkey-forces-in-syria-observers-say (in English)
The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. “12 Bodies were Found outside the City of Adra”. 2013. Available at: https://www.syriahr.com/en/3965/ (in English)
Tzon, Fernando. The Philosophy of International Law. Translated by Mohsen Mohebi. 1st ed. Tehran: Institute for Legal Studies and Research, 2009. (in Persian)
United Nations Human Rights, “Darker and More Dangerous: High Commissioner Updates the Human Rights Council on Human Rights Issues in 40 Countries”, 2017. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2017/09/darker-and-more-dangerous-high-commissioner-updates-human-rights (in English)
United Nations. “Turkey’s Military Operation Has Displaced Thousands of Civilians, Worsened Syria’s Dire Humanitarian Crisis, Top Official Warns Security Council”. 24 October 2019. Available at: https://press.un.org/en/2019/sc13994.doc.htm (in English)
Wallace, Rebecca. International Law. Translated by Seyed Ghasem Zamani and Mahnaz Bahramlou. 1st ed. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh Institute for Legal Studies and Research, 2003. (in Persian)
Zamani, Seyed Ghasem. Law of International Organizations: Personality, Responsibility, and Immunity. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh Institute for Legal Studies and Research, 2009. (in Persian)
Zamani, Seyed Ghasem. Twenty-One Essays on International Human Rights Law. Tehran: Khorsandi Publications, 2016. (in Persian)
