Disciplinary Responsibilities of Judges in Common Law Legal Systems: A Comparative Study in the Contexts of USA, England, and Canada

Author

Ph.D. in Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Aix-Marseille, France, Researcher, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Disciplinary law, as a subcategory of public law, investigates the major regulations of the punishments for the employees of a highly creditable organization. Disciplinary law is different from criminal law and the purpose of punishment in these two types of law is not the same. In the criminal law, the purpose of punishment might be criminal deterrence, delinquent civilization and training, or victim cooling, whereas in disciplinary law, the major purpose of punishment is to monitor the maintenance and correct carrying of job responsibilities. Because of the position and authority of judges, their behavior would have important positive or negative effects on the lives and rights of litigators. Therefore, in the developed countries, the behavioral manuals and moral codes are set for the definition of disciplinary responsibilities of judges. In the same vein, the control of judge behavior law was legislated in 1390 in Iran. A comparative study of the different legal systems can contribute to the identification of weaknesses and strength points of the legislated law. Moreover, the investigation of position and disciplinary regulations of judges in those countries which have their legal system based on the Common Law can be a suitable criterion of measurement for identification of predicted shortcomings in the law and regulations of Iran with respect to the position and role of judges in these systems. For this purpose, the present study investigates the issue of judge’s disciplinary responsibilities in the contexts of United States of America, England, and Canada.

Keywords

References

فهرست منابع

الف) منابع فارسی
شیروی، عبدالحسین. حقوق تطبیقی. تهران: سمت، 1391.
ب) منابع خارجی
Canadian Judicial Council. “Annual Report, April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/cmslib/ar14-15/en.html.
Canadian Judicial Council. “Ethical Principles for Judges, 2004.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/cmslib/general/news_pub_judicialconduct_Principles_en.pdf
Canadian Judicial Council. “Irreproachable behaviour.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/english/about_en.asp?selMenu=about_mp_judgesact_en.asp.
Canadian Judicial Council. “Procedures for the Review of Complaints or Allegations about Federally Appointed Judges, 2015.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/cmslib/general/CJC-CCM-Procedures-2015.pdf.
Canadian Judicial Council. “The Conduct of Judges.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/cmslib/general/news_pub_judicialconduct_CJCRole_en.pdf.
Cornell Law School. “Complaints against Judges and Judicial Discipline, 28 U.S. Code Chapter 16.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/part-I/chapter-16 (United States).
Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. “Judicial Conduct.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/about-the-judiciary/the-judiciary-the-government-and-the-constitution/jud-acc-ind/jud-conduct/.
Gov.UK. “A Brief Guide to the Equality Act, 2010.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance.
Government Publishing Office. “The Ethics Reform Act of 1989.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-103/pdf/STATUTE-103-Pg1716.pdf (United States).
Houses of the Oireachtas. “Sanctions for Misconduct in Judicial Office, 2014.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/housesoftheoireachtas/libraryresearch/spotlights/20140603sanctionsformisconductinjudicialoffice_163348.pdf.
“Judicial Accountability Mechanisms, 2007.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.deontologie-judiciaire.umontreal.ca/en/textes%20int/documents/Judicial_Accountability_SOUTH_AFRICA.pdf (Canada).
Judiciary.Uk. “Guide to Judicial Conduct, 2013.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Guidance/judicial_conduct_2013.pdf (UK).
Naïs, Acquaviva, Castagnet Florence and Evanghelou Morgane. “A Comparative Analysis of Disciplinary Systems for European Judges and Prosecutors.” 2012. http://www.ejtn.eu/Documents/Themis%202012/THEMIS%202012%20ERFURT%20DOCUMENT/Written%20paper%20France%203.pdf (Last Accessed July 18, 2020).
Office for Judicial Complaints. “Annual Reports for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014.”Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/jcio-prod-storage-1xuw6pgd2b1rf/uploads/2015/12/jcio_annual_report_2013_-2014.pdf (UK).
The Canadian Superior Courts Judges Association. “How Judges are Held Accountable and by Whom.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.cscja-acjcs.ca/judges_accountable-en.asp?l=5.
The Inquiry Committee. “Filing a Complaint.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/english/conduct_en.asp?selMenu=conduct_complaint_en.asp#s5.
The Inquiry Committee. “Inquiries Listings.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.cjc-ccm.gc.ca/english/conduct_en.asp?selMenu=conduct_inquiry_en.asp.
The Official Home of UK Legislation. “The Judicial Discipline (Prescribed Procedures) Regulations, 2014.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1919/pdfs/uksi_20141919_en.pdf (UK).
United States Court. “Administrative Oversight and Accountability.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/judicial-administration/administrative-oversight-and-accountability.
United States Court. “Code of Conduct for United States Judges, 2014.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/vol02a-ch02_0.pdf.
United States Court. “Judicial Business of the United States Courts.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/analysis-reports/judicial-business-united-states-courts.
United States Court. “Strategic Plan for the Federal Judiciary, 2015.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/strategic-plan-federal-judiciary (United States).
United States Court. “The Judicial Conference Gift Regulations, 2010.” Last Accessed July 18, 2020. http://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/vol02c-ch06.pdf (United States).
Journal of Legal Research
Volume 19, Issue 42
August 2020
Pages 345-375

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics