The First Judgment of the ICC: The Applicable Law in Armed Conflicts between a State and Non-Governmental Groups

Author

Ph.D. Student of International Law, Paradise Alborz, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In explaining applicable law in cases where a foreign government is being persecuted against a non-governmental organization based in another country, the ICC, in its first vote, has argued that an armed conflict between an occupant power and a non-governmental organization in the occupied territories are considered a non-international armed conflict, and the international armed conflict is essentially occurring between the two governments. But according to the theory that we are discussing in this paper, such a conflict is considered as an international armed conflict and the provisions of this type of conflict will be enforced. The benefit of such an interpretation is more support for those involved persons.

Keywords


فهرست منابع

الف) منابع فارسی
اساسنامه دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی، رم 1998.
ضیایی، سید یاسر، «تأملی بر وضعیت شورشیان از منظر حقوق توسل به زور». مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی 42 (1389): 190-167.
کنوانسیون‌های چهار­گانه ژنو در خصوص مخاصمات مسلحانه، 1949.
کنوانسیون حقوق و تکالیف دولت‌ها، مونت ویدئو 1933.
ممتاز، جمشید، و امیرحسین رنجبریان. حقوق بین‌الملل بشر­دوستانه: مخاصمات مسلحانه داخلی. تهران: نشر میزان، 1387.
منشور سازمان ملل متحد، 1945.
ب) منابع انگلیسی
Akande, Dapo. “ICC Delivers its First Judgment: the Lubanga Case and Classification of Conflicts in Situations of Occupation.” March 16, 2012. http://www.ejiltalk.org (Last Visited on Jan. 29, 2014)
Ambos, Kai. “The First Judgment of the International Criminal Court (Prosecuter v. Lubanga).” Published on Mar 22, 2012. Last Visited on Jan 25, 2014. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2030751.
http://www.un.org/icc/
ICC-01/04-01/0.
Israel's Letters to the UN Security Council and Secretary-General on 12 July 2006 with Respect to Action against Hezbollah in Lebanon, S/2006/515; A/60/937 (12 July 2006).
Milanovic, Marko. “A Taxonomy of Armed Conflict.” Published on Jan 23, 2012. Last Visited on Feb. 02, 2014. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1988915.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Lebanon Pursuant to Human Rights Council Resolution S-2/1, UN Doc. A/HRC3/2.
Robinson, Darryl. “The Identity Crisis of International Criminal Law.Leiden Journal of International Law 21 (4) (2008): 925-963.
The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk
The United States Department of Justice. “In the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.” http://www.justice.gov/opa/documents/memo-re-det-auth.pdf.