پژوهشهای حقوقی

پژوهشهای حقوقی

واکاوی علل و عوامل مؤثر بر شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد (در پرتو اصل برابری دستمزد در حقوق بین‌‌المللی کار)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده
کارشناس ارشد حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد، برابری جنسیتی، اصل برابری و عدم تبعیض و اصل برابری دستمزد را دچار خدشه نموده است. سازمان بین‌‌المللی کار نیز در این باره ضمن شناسایی و تأکید بر اصل دستمزد برابر برای کار با ارزش برابر در مقاوله‌‌نامه‌‌ها و توصیه‌‌نامه‌‌های خود، اقدام به تحقیق و تهیه گزارش در این زمینه نیز نموده است که از این رهگذر توصیه‌‌های سیاستی متناسب را به دولت‌‌ها ارائه نماید. باید تأکید کرد که شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد معضل بسیار مهمی را هم در جوامع و هم در بازار کار نشان می‌دهد که نمی‌توان آن را به‌صورت فردی برطرف کرد و باید از طریق یک برنامه سیاستی دنبال شود که بازار کار فراگیر و شفاف را در کنار اعمال اصل برابری دستمزد ترویج کند. توانمندسازی اقتصادی زنان پیامدهای مثبت آشکاری برای عاملیت، آزادی و توانمندی اجتماعی و سیاسی زنان دارد. دستمزدهای نابرابر در طول سال‌‌های کاری منجر به نابرابری جنسیتی می‌شود و درآمد کمتر استقلال اقتصادی زنان را در طول زندگی کاهش داده و عواقب آن در سنین بالا به طرز جدی‌‌تری در حقوق و درآمد دوران بازنشستگی هویدا می‌گردد. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی درصدد بوده است که به واکاوی علل و عوامل مؤثر بر شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد همت گمارد؛ چراکه از بین بردن شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد، هرآینه به دانستن اینکه چگونه و تا چه حد چنین شکاف‌هایی وجود دارد بستگی دارد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که عوامل مؤثر بر شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد ریشه در مدل سرمایه انسانی و مدل تبعیض دارند که هریک بخشی از شکاف را توضیح می‌دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing the Causes and Factors Affecting the Gender Wage Gap (In Light of the Principle of Equal Pay in International Labor Law)

نویسنده English

Fatemeh Nowrouzi
M.A in Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The gender wage gap has violated the principle of equality and non-discrimination and the principle of equal pay. In this regard, the International Labor Organization, while recognizing and emphasizing the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in its conventions and recommendations, has conducted research and prepared a report in this field as well. This guide can provide appropriate and necessary policy recommendations to governments. It should be emphasized that the gender wage gap represents a very broad problem, both in societies and in the labor market, that cannot be solved individually. Research has shown that gender pay equity should be pursued through a policy program that promotes an inclusive and transparent labor market alongside the application of the principle of pay equity. Women's economic empowerment has obvious positive consequences for women's agency, freedom, and social and political empowerment. Unequal wages during working years have their effects on gender inequality throughout life, and lower income reduces women's economic independence throughout life, and Its consequences are evident in old age in salaries and income during retirement. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method, aims to analyze the causes and factors affecting the gender wage gap; Because eliminating the gender pay gap depends on knowing how and to what extent such gaps exist. The results indicate that the factors affecting the gender wage gap are rooted in the human capital model and the discrimination model, which each explain a part of the gap.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Gender Pay Gap
Gender Equality
Principle of Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value
Non-Discrimination
Women's Rights
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