پژوهشهای حقوقی

پژوهشهای حقوقی

نقش کشورهای اطراف تحریم در اثربخشی تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه (با تکیه بر تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه ایالات متحده آمریکا علیه ایران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 مدرس و مدعو ، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشـکده حقـوق و علـوم سیاسـی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. مدرس و مدعو، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
اگرچه تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه به‌طور معمول تداعی‌‌کننده نقش ویژه کشورهای واضع تحریم به‌عنوان اصلی‌‌ترین عامل بروز آثار سوء حقوق بشری ناشی از تحریم است، اما این موضوع نباید منجر به نادیده گرفتن نقش و مسئولیت کشورهای هدف در میزان بروز آثار و تأمین نیازهای حقوق بشری ساکنین خود گردد. به عبارت بهتر تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه (اولیه و ثانویه) به‌صورت غیرقابل اجتنابی همواره دربردارنده آثار سوئی هستند که میزان آن همواره می‌‌تواند به عوامل مختلفی بستگی داشته باشد. تا‌‌کنون بیشتر کتب و مقالاتی که در زمینه تحریم به رشته تحریر درآمده‌‌اند به بررسی تحریم‌‌ها و نقض حقوق بشر از منظر کشور واضع تحریم پرداخته و منابع مطالعاتی محدودی به بررسی تحریم‌‌ها از منظر کشورهای هدف تحریم و ثالث پرداخته‌‌اند. یکی از مهم‌ترین اقدامات کشورهای هدف تحریم در بُعد داخلی، بررسی ساختارها و مقررات داخلی خود و سپس اصلاح آن بخش از ساختارها و قوانینی است که تشدیدکننده تحریم‌‌ها بوده و در این مقاله از آن‌‌ تحت عنوان خودتحریمی یاد می‌‌شود. کشورهای ثالث نیز از طریق وضع مقررات انسداد ضمن جلوگیری از نقض حاکمیت خود توسط کشورهای واضع، می‌‌توانند از اتباع خود که به تجارت با کشور هدف تحریم مشغول هستند حمایت نمایند. در این مقاله تلاش گردیده تا ضمن تبیین نقش و مسئولیت کشورهای اطراف تحریم (واضع، هدف و ثالث) به بررسی ساختارها، قوانین و مقررات کشور هدف تحریم (به‌طور ویژه کشور ایران) و نقش آن‌‌ در بروز آثار ناشی از تحریم‌ها پرداخته و در پایان نیز راهکارهایی جهت اصلاح و تغییر آنها ارائه نماییم.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Concerned Countries in the Effectiveness of Unilateral Sanctions (Relying on the Unilateral Sanctions of the United States of America Against Iran)

نویسندگان English

Ahdieh Zangi Ahrami 1
Ahad Bagherzadeh 2
Hamid Azizi Moradpour 3
1 PhD Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Lecturer and Invited, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. Lecturer and Invited, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Although unilateral sanctions usually evoke the special role of the sanctioner countries as the main cause of human rights adverse effects caused by the imposition of sanctions, but this issue should not lead to ignoring the role and responsibility of the target countries in the extent of the effects and providing the human rights needs of their residents. In other words, unilateral sanctions (primary and secondary) inevitably always contain side effects, the amount of which can always depend on various factors. So far, most of the books and articles written in the field of sanctions have examined sanctions and human rights violations from the point of view of the sanctioning country, and limited research sources have also examined sanctions from the perspective of the target countries and third countries. One of the most important goals of internal sanctions is to review the internal structures and laws and subsequently modify the structures and laws that intensify the sanctions, and in this article, it is referred to as self-sanctions. Third countries can also support their nationals who are engaged in trade with the sanctioned country by imposing blocking regulations while preventing the violation of their sovereignty by the sanctioned countries. In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the role and responsibility of the concerned countries in sanctions (sanctioner, target and third party), and examine the structures, laws and regulations of the target country (especially Iran) and its role in the effects of sanctions. At the end, we will provide solutions to modify and change them.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Iran
United States of America
Unilateral Sanctions
Human Rights
Self-Sanctions
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    Articles

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