In this study, various legal and philosophical systems that have influenced women's rights are examined through the lens of theistic and material rationalities, with a particular emphasis on liberal propositions. In this context, women's rights in liberal societies are based on individual freedom, individualism, and gender equality—principles that are interpreted within the framework of humanistic and hedonistic values. In contrast, theistic rationality situates women's rights within a conceptual connection to the divine and moral system of Islam, which, while affirming individual autonomy, also emphasizes the regulation of social and familial relationships, balance in roles and responsibilities, and spiritual elevation. The research method employed in this study is analytical-descriptive. Material rationality, especially from the liberal perspective, underscores individual autonomy and hedonism, treating freedom and individual rights as foundational to women's rights. Theistic rationality, however, seeks to create a balance between individual rights and social and familial responsibilities. Material rationality, with its liberal propositions, lacks balanced and coherent responses to fundamental issues related to women's spiritual identity, social connectedness, and familial roles. Theistic rationality, due to its teleological foundation, value coherence, and its ability to integrate rights and responsibilities, offers a more balanced and sustainable model for realizing women's dignity and securing both individual and collective interests.The preference for theistic rationality is based on a comparative analysis of the conceptual structures and social functions of the two approaches, relying on criteria such as theoretical coherence, functional balance, and adaptability to the contemporary needs of women.