Combating doping in sports requires an institutionalized, independent structure aligned with international standards. National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) play a key role in implementing the provisions of the World Anti-Doping Code. This article adopts a comparative approach to examine the structure, duties, institutional independence, and efficiency of two NADOs: the French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD) and the National Anti-Doping Organization of Iran. Specifically, the study focuses on transparency, independence, and financial resources of these organizations, analyzing their strengths and challenges. Findings indicate that the AFLD, benefiting from institutional independence, stable funding, and extensive international engagement, is recognized as a successful global model. It has effectively leveraged its international capabilities and functions as an independent and effective body in the fight against doping. In contrast, the Iranian NADO, despite making progress in education, testing, and regional cooperation, faces challenges in fulfilling its international obligations due to structural dependence on the government, limited resources, and lack of transparency. The absence of financial and managerial independence has significantly hindered its effectiveness. This article, through a comparative analysis, emphasizes the need for structural reforms, increased funding, and enhanced institutional independence in NADOs to better meet the challenges of global anti-doping efforts.