Blockchain technology, as one of the transformative innovations in the financial and commercial fields, has enabled transparency, security, and speed in international exchanges. One of the novel applications of this technology is the development and use of "digital checks," which can revolutionize international payment, authentication, and settlement processes. This research comparatively examines the implementation and application status of blockchain and digital checks in Iran and the European Union within the context of international trade. The main question of this research is: What are the policy, technical, and legal differences and similarities between Iran and the European Union in the use of blockchain technology and digital checks in international trade? The aim of the research is to clarify Iran's position compared to the European Union in the field of using blockchain and digital checks and to provide solutions for more effective use of these technologies in international trade. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. Data has been collected through the study of documents, laws, scientific articles, and official reports, and then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings show that the European Union, by adopting coherent legal policies, advanced technical infrastructure, and cooperation among financial institutions, has been able to create a reliable framework for the use of blockchain in payments and digital checks. In contrast, although Iran has taken steps in the field of designing electronic checks and examining the application of blockchain, it faces challenges such as legal gaps, international restrictions, and weaknesses in communication infrastructure.