Minority children occupy a complex position at the intersection of children’s rights and minority rights. Their status as children, combined with membership in non-dominant national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups, may expose them to discrimination, deprivation, and erosion of identity. However, their protection within the United Nations system remains fragmented between the child-rights regime and the minority-rights regime, neither of which comprehensively addresses the position of the “minority child.” This article asks whether the interaction of the norms and mechanisms of these two regimes provides adequate, coherent, and enforceable protection. Using doctrinal legal analysis and documentary research on treaties, treaty-body interpretations, and specialized United Nations mechanisms, the article finds that the main problem is not the absence of protective norms, but the lack of a systematic connection between them, the predominance of formal equality, weak institutional coordination, and limited implementation and remedial guarantees. It therefore proposes an “integrated and differentiated protection” model. Integration requires coordinated interpretation and implementation of children’s rights and minority rights, while differentiation requires proportionate measures aimed at removing actual barriers to the enjoyment of rights. The model is based on simultaneous recognition of childhood and minority status, protection of identity with respect for evolving capacities, positive measures, effective participation, rights-based data collection, access to justice, and institutional accountability. The findings also show that implementing Iran’s international obligations requires moving beyond general guarantees and giving closer attention to the effects of educational, linguistic, protective, and judicial policies on minority children.