The rapid entry of children and adolescents into cyberspace is a phenomenon that has presented today's world with new opportunities and threats. Although digital tools play an important role in the intellectual and social development of the young generation, they have also paved the way for various types of cyber abuse. Among these threats are online sexual harassment, commercial exploitation, encouragement of risky behaviors, and cyber harassment. In such circumstances, the responsibility of the criminal justice system in preventing and combating these crimes has become more important than ever. Against this backdrop, the question arises as to how far the Iranian criminal justice system has been able to provide effective and appropriate support to the emerging forms of cyber abuse of children and adolescents in line with the developments of the digital age? The purpose of this research is to examine the capacities available in Iranian criminal laws to combat cyber abuse of children and adolescents, identify legislative and executive gaps in this field, and provide suggestions for improving the criminal protection system in light of technological developments. The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner using library resources, domestic laws, international documents, and judicial practice. The findings indicate that although regulations such as the Computer Crimes Act and the Child and Adolescent Protection Act have taken steps towards criminal protection, they face challenges such as incomplete criminalization, lack of monitoring mechanisms on platforms, and inability to respond to the technical complexities of the digital space.