بانک جهانی در تلاش برای دستیابی به حفظ صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : علمی - ترویجی

نویسنده

دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل و مدرس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پردیس

چکیده

حل مشکلات جهانی در زمینه حفظ صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی نیازمند اقدام جهانی است. صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی تنها با عدم توسل به زور حاصل نمی‌شود و مسائل اقتصادی و اجتماعی تأثیر بسیاری بر آن دارد. بانک جهانی در جهت دستیابی به صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی تلاش بسیاری را در جهت کاهش فقر نموده است. به هر حال، سطح بالای فقر در گستره جهانی نه تنها از نظر اخلاقی مردود است بلکه به طور فزاینده‌ای تهدیدکننده صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی است. لذا، بانک جهانی به روش‌های مختلف و درهمکاری با ارکان حافظ صلح سازمان ملل متحد، تلاش بسیاری را در این زمینه نموده است علاوه بر آنکه اقدامات داخلی دولت‌ها باید به گونه‌ای باشد تا رفاه جهانی را گسترش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

World Bank Effort to Maintain International Peace and Security

نویسنده [English]

  • Malihe Behfar
چکیده [English]

The programs of international peace and security require global arrangement. It is widely accepted that social and economic issues will impact on international peace and security. World Bank efforts to achieve target of helping developing countries and poverty reduction. The high level of poverty in the world is not only morally unacceptable but it increase threat to international security. Peacekeeping has two phases. One of them is before the outbreak of hostilities and attempts to prevent breach of the peace and security. the second is after the outbreak of hostilities in conflict rebuilding efforts and prevent to return to before situation. World Bank confers easy loans with lower interest also offering technical assistance to countries in cooperation with united nation organs .different subjects such as political, economical, environmental topic are affected on international security so achieving this end need international cooperation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Peace and Security
  • World Bank
  • poverty reduction
  • developing
  • peace building commission
  • peace building fund
بیگ‌زاده، ابراهیم. «تحول عملیات حفظ صلح در سازمان ملل متحد: رویکردی جدید.» حقوق بین‌الملل و تطبیقی 3 (1386).
بیگ‌زاده، ابراهیم. حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی. تهران: مجد، 1389.
مشبکی، اصغر. سازمان‌های مالی و پولی بین‌المللی، با نگرشی بر ارقام اقتصادی منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای. تهران: جهاد دانشگاهی، 1390.
موسی‌زاده، رضا. سازمان‌های بین‌المللی. تهران: میزان، 1384.
میرزایی ینگجه، سعید. تحول مفهوم حاکمیت در سازمان ملل متحد. تهران: دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بین‌المللی، 1373.
A Study of IMF and World Bank Poverty Reduction Strategies, 2010.
Barritella, Maria, & Jian Zhang. "A Global Perspective on Effectiveness of Aid for Trade." Policy Research Working Paper (2012).
Boon, Kristen E. "Coining a New Jurisdiction: The Security Council as Economic Peacekeeper." Journal of Transnational Law 41 (2008).
Boon, Kristen E. The Rule of Law in Fragile and Conflict Affected Areas. Seton Hall Law School, 2009.
Burleson, Elizabeth. Water is Security. University of California, Davis Vol 31, 2008.
Easterly, William. "The Effect of International Monetary Fund and World Bank Program on Poverty" 2005.
Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Poverty is Multidimensional, But What are We Going to do About it?, Econ Inequal, 2011.
Global Health Governance and the World Bank, Special Report, October 2007.
Global Monitoring Report 2007, Monitoring the Performance of International Financial Institutions.
In Large Freedom, Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for all, Report of UN Security General ,A/59/2005/21,March 2005.
Kennedy, Paul. The Parliament of Man (2006) Discussing the Founders Assessment of the Relationship between Economic Distress and Political Violence and the Subsequent Creation of ECOSOC.
Kinley, David, "Human Rights and the World Bank: Practice, Politics and Law." The University of Sydny, Legal Studies Research Paper (2007).
Klapper, Leora F. "Entrepreneurship and Economic Development." The World Bank Group, Working Paper.
Levinsohn, Jim. "The World Banks Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Approach: Good Marketing or Good Policy?" United Nation Conference on Trade and Development, Working Paper, GDs/MDPB/G24/2003.
Poverty Reduction, World Bank Reports, March 2004.
Reforming Public Institutions and Strengthening Governance, World Bank 2003.
Report of Secretary High Panel on Threats, Challenges and Changes, a More Secure World our Shared Responsibility, New York: DPI 2004.
Resolution of Security Council, S/RES/1645(2005).Resolution of general Assembly, A/RES/60/180.
Sarkar, Prabirjit. The World Bank and IMF as International Economic Institutions. European International Law, Vol. 23.
Sarkin, Jeremy. "Dealing with African Human Rights Problem: The Role of the United Nations, the African Union and African Sub-Regional Organizations in Dealing with African Human Rights Problems: Connecting Humanitarian International and the Responsibility to Protect." Journal of African Law (2009).
Schneider Mark L. "Placing Security and Rule of Law on the Development." European Journal of International Law 12 (2003).
Short Term and Long Term Effects of United Nations Peace Operations, World Bank Policy Research, Working Paper, 2007.
Special Report, Ejeviome Eloho Otobo, UN Architecture to Build Peace in Post-Conflict Situation.
Statement by the President of the Security Council, UN Doc, S/PRST/2000/25.
Stiglitze, J."Toward a New Paradigm for Development: Strategies, Politics, and Progresses".
UN Peace Building: An Orientation, Peace building Support Office, September 2010.
World Bank Report 2006, Clean Energy and Development: Towards an Investment Framework.
World Development Report 2011, Public Security, Criminal Justice, and Reforming the Security Sector.
World Development Report 2012, Gender Equality and Development.