The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a pivotal institution in the country's monetary and financial system, plays a vital role in regulating monetary policies, maintaining price stability, supervising the banking system, and supporting macroeconomic goals. This institution, which operates in accordance with the country's monetary and banking law, operates under the supervision of the three branches of government and in line with the general policies of the Islamic system. The position of the Central Bank in the Islamic Republic of Iran can be examined from two legal-structural and functional-economic perspectives. From a legal perspective, although this bank operates independently, it operates within the framework of laws approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly and policies determined by the Supreme Council for Money and Credit, and has close coordination with the executive branch. From an economic perspective, the Central Bank is responsible for controlling inflation, managing the exchange rate, regulating the money supply, and monitoring the health of the banking network. In the Islamic Republic system, in addition to its conventional duties, the Central Bank is required to comply with Islamic standards in banking operations (such as eliminating usury and promoting Islamic taxation) and supporting national production. Also, in light of international sanctions, this institution has played a key role in managing foreign exchange transactions, developing alternative payment methods (such as the Islamic financial system and domestic cryptocurrencies), and reducing dependence on the global financial system.