Purpose: This study analyses the legal necessities of the Islamic Republic of Iran's accession to International Labour Organization)ILO( Convention No. 176 concerning Safety and Health in Mines)1995(and examines the extent to which Iran's domestic legal framework, particularly the Labour Law and the Mining Law, corresponds with the obligations set out in this instrument. Methodology: The research follows a descriptive-analytical approach based on documentary and comparative analysis. The text of Convention No. 176, relevant domestic regulations including the Labour Law of 1990 and the Mine Safety Regulation of 2012, and official reports on mining accidents including the Yurt Azadshahr coal mine incident)2017( and the Tabas coal mine explosion)2024(were treated as the principal sources of analysis. Findings: The findings indicate that although a considerable portion of the technical requirements of Convention No. 176 already exist at the regulatory level in Iranian law, significant gaps persist in three key areas: workers' participatory rights and safety representation, the concentration of supervisory authority in a single competent authority, and the requirement of a mine-specific emergency response plan. The examination of recent mining accidents further showed that the root cause of these disasters lies primarily in weak enforcement and supervision rather than the mere absence of legal rules. Conclusion: Iran's accession to Convention No. 176, combined with parallel legislative reform and the strengthening of supervisory institutions and worker participation, could play an effective role in reducing the recurrence of fatal mining accidents.