تأملی در حل‌وفصل اختلافات راجع به اموال فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : علمی - ترویجی

نویسنده

پژوهشگر حقوق بین‌الملل و مدرس دانشگاه

چکیده

اهمیت و جایگاه اموال و اشیاء فرهنگی در تاریخ تمدن بشریت غیرقابل انکار است. این جایگاه در حقوق بین‌الملل معاصر به حدی برجسته و درخور تأمل شده که اگر در رویکردهای کلاسیک این اموال متعلق به یک دولت خاص و لذا تحت مالکیت و حفاظت آن دولت محسوب می‌شدند، امروزه با رویکردهای نسبتاً‌ مدرن متعلق به کل بشریت و میراثی مشترک تلقی می‌گردند. با این وصف هرچه ارزش و اعتبار این قبیل اموال نمایان‌تر شود، سرقت، ‌جابه‌جایی غیرقانونی و حتی گاهی چپاول این اموال و در نتیجه اختلافات حادث در خصوص نگهداری و مالکیت چنین اشیائی بیشتر خودنمایی خواهد کرد. در این مقاله به اختصار به سازوکارهای حل‌وفصل اختلافات و راهکارهای مناسب آن خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining Various Mechanisms for International Disputes over Cultural Properties

نویسنده [English]

  • Aramesh Shahbazi
چکیده [English]

Disputes regarding cultural properties are so common in international relations. However despite the frequency of cultural properly dispute; there is currently no permanent and universally accepted framework for their resolution. While the most cultural disputes are international, they implicates a variety of legal norms and raises complex choice of legal questions such as conflicting evidentiary standards of proceeding and statutes of limitations. In this article we will analysis the various classic and modern dispute resolution mechanisms and will examine the best alternative ways by taking a look at the practice of the states.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural properties
  • Possession
  • ownership
  • Dispute Resolution
  • Alternative mechanisms
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